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4. Chia vaên baûn ra thaønh nhieàu ñoaïn

Cho ñeán baây giôø baïn ñaõ taïo vaø söûa ñoåi taøi lieäu HTML, vaø chaéc baïn ñaõ caûm thaáy thoaûi maùi vôùi vieäc soaïn thaûo vaø naïp laïi vaên baûn trong Web browser. Vì vaäy baây giôø baïn seõ caûm thaáy deã daøng vôùi baøi hoïc nhanh naøy: theâm vaøo caùc daáu chia ñoaïn vaên (paragraph break).

Muïc ñích

Sau baøi hoïc naøy baïn coù theå:

Nhaän daïng nhöõng tag chia ñoaïn trong HTML.
Cheùp moät ñoaïn vaên baûn töø Web page vaø daùn (paste) noù vaøo moät taøi lieäu khaùc.
Cheøn caùc daáu chia ñoaïn vaøo trong vaên baûn HTML vaø nhìn söï thay ñoåi trong Web browser cuûa baïn.

Baøi hoïc

Chia ñoaïn trong HTML

Tröôùc ñaây chuùng ta ñaõ bieát raèng moät Web browser seõ boû qua taát caû kyù töï XUOÁNG DOØNG (carriage returns) ñöôïc ñaùnh trong trình soaïn thaûo. Nhöng, khi browser nhìn thaáy tag chia ñoaïn, noù cheøn moät doøng troáng vaø baét ñaàu moät ñoaïn môùi. Maõ HTML cho coâng vieäc cheøn moät söï chia ñoaïn laø :

<p>

Löu yù raèng tag naøy laø moät ñaëc bieät vì noù khoâng caàn tag keát thuùc; vì theá baïn khoâng caàn söû duïng:

     </p>

Trong baøi sau chuùng ta seõ thaáy tröôøng hôïp tag <p> coù söû duïng tag </p> ñeå keát thuùc.

Cuõng löu yù raèng tag <h> coù söï gaén lieàn vôùi söï chia ñoaïn neân khoâng caàn thieát ñaët tag <p> tröôùc moät tag tieâu ñeà nhö ví duï döôùi ñaây:

     <p>
     <h2>Blah Blah Blah Blah</h2>

Cheøn caùc daáu chia ñoaïn

Löu yù : Neáu baïn khoâng coù taøi lieäu töø baøi hoïc tröôùc, baïn coù theå download laïi ngay baây giôø.

Haõy theo söï chæ daãn döôùi ñaây ñeå cheøn vaø xem laïi moät söï ngaét ñoaïn trong taøi lieäu HTML cuûa baïn.

Môû laïi workspace cuûa baïn (neáu noù chöa ñöôïc môû).
Ñi ñeán cöûa soå soaïn thaûo vaên baûn.
Môû taøi lieäu laøm vieäc cuûa baïn Volc.htm trong trình soaïn thaûo vaên baûn (neáu noù chöa ñöôïc môû).
Tröôùc heát chuùng ta di chuyeån caâu ("A volcano is ...") ñeán döôùi tieâu ñeà Introduction. Haõy söû duïng chuoät ñeå caét vaø daùn ñoaïn vaên baûn naøy vaøo vò trí thích hôïp.
Sau nhöõng caâu naøy, chuùng ta muoán theâm vaøo moät ñoaïn nöõa. Nhöng thay vì phaûi ñaùnh laïi noù, töø trang Web naøy haõy söû duïng chuoät ñeå choïn vaø cheùp (copy) vaøo clipboard caùc ñoaïn vaên:
```
     Volcanoes have been a part of earth's history
     long before humans. Compare the history of human 
     beings, a few million years in the making, to that of 
     the Earth, over four billion years in the making. 
```
Baây giôø, haõy trôû laïi taøi lieäu HTML trong trình soaïn thaûo vaø daùn (paste) noù vaøo sau nhöõng caâu coù saün beân trong ñeà muïc <h2>Introduction</h2>.
Löu tröõ söï thay ñoåi trong trình soaïn thaûo.
Trôû laïi Web browser cuûa baïn.
Neáu taøi lieäu cuûa baïn chöa coù, söû duïng leänh Open Local... töø thöïc ñôn File ñeå môû taøi lieäu.
Choïn Reload töø thöïc ñôn File. Baây giôø baïn seõ nhìn thaáy hai caâu cuûa phaàn Introduction. Baây giôø chuùng ta muoán ñaët moät daáu phaân ñoaïn giöõa caùc caâu naøy.
Moät laàn nöõa trôû laïi taøi lieäu HTML trong trình soaïn thaûo.

Sau caâu thöù hai cuûa phaàn <h2>Introduction</h2> (töùc laø caâu coù keát thuùc laø " as a sticky, slow lava flow.") nhaán RETURN (thaät ra khoâng caàn thieát nhöng ñieàu naøy laøm cho baûn HTML deã ñoïc hôn khi baïn laøm vieäc vôùi noù), vaø baây giôø haõy nhaäp tag phaân ñoaïn nhö sau :

<p>

Luùc naøy ñoaïn vaên baûn troâng gioáng nhö sau:

  <h2>Introduction</h2>
  A volcano is a location where magma, 
  or hot melted rock from within a planet, reaches the
  surface. It may happen violently, in a massive supersonic
  explosion, or more quietly, as a sticky, slow lava flow.
  <p>
  Volcanoes have been a part of earth's history long before
  humans. Compare the history of human beings, a few million
  years in the making, to that of the Earth, over four
  billion years in the making.

Löu tröõ söï thay ñoåi trong trình soaïn thaûo.
Trôû laïi Web browser vaø naïp laïi taøi lieäu. Hai caâu cuûa muïc introduction baây giôø seõ ôû treân hay ñoaïn vaên khaùc nhau.

Nhöõng daïng phaân ñoaïn khaùc

Ñeå phaân chia nhöõng phaàn chính cuûa moät trang Web, söû duïng hard rule hay coøn goïi laø tag hr . Tag naøy seõ cheøn moät ñöôøng thaúng gioáng nhö baïn nhìn thaáy ngay treân phaàn tieâu ñeà cuûa muïc naøy.

Daïng HTML cho tag hard rule laø:


     <hr>

Baây giôø chuùng ta haõy söû duïng noù! Ñaët moät tag hr ngay treân tieâu ñeà Introduction. Coâng vieäc naøy giuùp cho vieäc taùch caâu môû ñaàu cuûa baøi hoïc ra khoûi nhöõng phaàn ñi sau noù.

Vaø cuoái cuøng, tag <br> seõ ñaåy vaên baûn xuoáng doøng môùi nhö tag <p> nhöng khoâng cheøn theâm moät doøng troáng. Baïn coù theå phaûi söû duïng tag naøy khi taïo moät danh saùch (list), khi vieát nhöõng doøng cuûa moät baøi thô, v.v... Haõy so saùnh söï khaùc nhau giöõa vieäc söû duïng tag <br> vaø tag <p> trong hai ví duï sau ñaây:

Chæ söû duïng caùc tag <p>

HTML Keát quaû

And then, we could all see at once the brilliant purpose of the paragraph tag. <p> Moving on... <p> the more tags you write, the better you will feel?
And then, we could all see at once the brilliant purpose of the paragraph tag.
Moving on...
the more tags you write, the better you will feel?

Söû duïng caû tag <p> vaø tag <br>

HTML Keát quaû

And then, we could all see<br> at once the brilliant purpose<br> of the paragraph tag. <p> Moving on... <br> the more tags you write,<br> the better you will feel?
And then, we could all see
at once the brilliant purpose
of the paragraph tag.
Moving on...
the more tags you write,
the better you will feel?

Tag <br> coøn coù theå ñöôïc söû duïng cho nhöõng caùch trình baøy khaùc nhau cho phaàn tieâu ñeà cuûa baïn. Neáu nhö baïn chuù yù, baïn seõ nhaän thaáy laø caùc tag tieâu ñeà <h1>, <h2>, ... töï ñoäng cheøn theâm caùc doøng traéng treân vaø döôùi doøng chöõ cuûa tag tieâu ñeà. Moät vaøi taùc giaû cuûa nhöõng trang Web thích töï ñieàu khieån nhöõng doøng traéng naøy.

Teân ñeà muïc duøng tag tieâu ñeà

HTML Keát quaû

and in the end it was all for naught. <h4>header tag</h4> Later, sir Longhorn declared that all makers of cheese would have to be certified before commencing production.
and in the end it was all for naught.
The New Cheese Edict
Later, sir Longhorn declared that all makers of cheese would have to be certified before commencing production.

Teân ñeà muïc duøng tag <b> vaø <br>

HTML Keát quaû

and in the end it was all for naught. <p> <b>The New Cheese Edict</b><br> Later, sir Longhorn declared that all makers of cheese would have to be certified before commencing production.
and in the end it was all for naught.
The New Cheese Edict
Later, sir Longhorn declared that all makers of cheese would have to be certified before commencing production.

ÔÛ ñaây söï khaùc nhau coù veû taàm thöôøng quaù, nhöng thöïc teá ñieàu naøy taïo ra caùc khaû naêng ñeå sau naøy chuùng ta hoïc caùch taïo ra tieâu ñeà coù maøu vaø kích côõ khaùc nhau. Ví duï nhö haõy xem trang Web Pages That Don't Look Like Web Pages

Chæ söû duïng caùc tag `<p>`
HTML	Keát quaû
And then, we could all see at once the brilliant purpose of the paragraph tag. <p> Moving on... <p> the more tags you write, the better you will feel?	And then, we could all see at once the brilliant purpose of the paragraph tag. Moving on... the more tags you write, the better you will feel?
Söû duïng caû tag `<p>` vaø tag `<br>`
HTML	Keát quaû
And then, we could all see<br> at once the brilliant purpose<br> of the paragraph tag. <p> Moving on... <br> the more tags you write,<br> the better you will feel?	And then, we could all see at once the brilliant purpose of the paragraph tag. Moving on... the more tags you write, the better you will feel?

Teân ñeà muïc duøng tag tieâu ñeà
HTML	Keát quaû
and in the end it was all for naught. <h4>header tag</h4> Later, sir Longhorn declared that all makers of cheese would have to be certified before commencing production.	and in the end it was all for naught. The New Cheese Edict Later, sir Longhorn declared that all makers of cheese would have to be certified before commencing production.
Teân ñeà muïc duøng tag `<b>` vaø `<br>`
HTML	Keát quaû
and in the end it was all for naught. <p> <b>The New Cheese Edict</b><br> Later, sir Longhorn declared that all makers of cheese would have to be certified before commencing production.	and in the end it was all for naught. The New Cheese Edict Later, sir Longhorn declared that all makers of cheese would have to be certified before commencing production.

Kieåm tra laïi coâng vieäc cuûa baïn

Neáu baïn thích, haõy so saùnh trang Web baïn ñang thöïc hieän vôùi ví duï maãu. Neáu taøi lieäu baïn taïo ra khaùc vôùi ví duï maãu, haõy kieåm tra laïi caùch baïn ñaùnh vaøo caùc daáu chia ñoaïn <p>. Haõy chaéc chaén raèng baïn ñaõ laøm ñuùng theo söï höôùng daãn trong muïc Cheøn caùc daáu chia ñoaïn cuûa baøi naøy.

Xem laïi

Tag HTML naøo duøng cho vieäc phaân ñoaïn?
Nhöõng böôùc naøo baïn söû duïng cho vieäc cheøn theâm moät söï phaân ñoaïn trong taøi lieäu cuûa baïn?
Laøm theá naøo trình baøy vaø nhìn thaáy ñöôïc söï thay ñoåi ñoù trong Web browser ?
Ñieåm theâm*- Tag <hr> laø gì? Tag <br> laø gì?

Thöïc taäp töï do

Söû duïng paragraph, tag hard rule, hay tag br ñeå taïo ra caùc ñeà muïc hay ñoaïn vaên trong taøi lieäu cuûa baïn.

Ñi ñeán phaàn tieáp theo....

Baïn coù nhôù phoâng chöõ ñaàu tieân khoâng ?
Laøm theá naøo ñeå theâm moät kieåu maãu... (style) khaùc vaøo vaên baûn cuûa baïn.

ÑEÁN .... | Muïc Luïc | Baøi tröôùc: "Saùu möùc tieâu ñeà" | Baøi keá tieáp: "Kieåu maãu cuûa vaên baûn" |

Soaïn thaûo HTML Baøi 4: Chia vaên baûn ra thaønh nhieàu ñoaïn

The Internet Connection at MCLI is Alan Levine --}
Comments to levine@maricopa.edu

URL: http://www.mcli.dist.maricopa.edu/tut/tut4.html